1,2,4-triazole derivatives as promising agents for wound healing therapy (literature review)

Abstract

The relevance of studying 1,2,4-triazole derivatives lies in the growing resistance of microorganisms and the need to develop new, effective, and safe medicines. Derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole are promising compounds in modern medical chemistry due to their wide spectrum of biological activity and ability to act on multiple targets. In addition to pharmacology, these compounds have significant potential in materials science, catalysis, “green chemistry” and as agents with wound-healing activity.

The aim of the work is to conduct a systematic review of the literature based on data from international scientometric databases, to summarise and critically evaluate data on the wound-healing activity, synthesis, physicochemical properties, biological activity and safety of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives; to identify key structure-activity relationships and the most suitable pharmaceutical platforms for the local treatment of wound processes.

Materials and methods. Scientific publications selected as a result of a systematic search in the databases PubMed / MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar served as research materials. The work uses search, analytical, descriptive methods, as well as methods of comparison and generalization of the obtained data.

Results. Based on the study of available information and conducting an information-patent search, it was established that compounds containing the 1,2,4-triazole group exhibit a wide range of biological activity, in particular, pronounced anti-inflammatory properties mediated by inhibition of COX-1 / COX-2, LOX and modulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. A number of compounds have been shown to exhibit high activity both in vitro and in vivo, in some cases surpassing reference drugs. It has been proven that potassium 5-(furan-2-yl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiolate has a complex pharmacological effect (antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and reparative), helps reduce oxidative stress, stimulates cell proliferation and collagen synthesis, thereby accelerating wound healing. Based on a review of authoritative publications, its low toxicity, demonstration of high biocompatibility, and superiority over traditional topical therapies have been established.

Conclusions. A systematic review of the literature based on data from international scientometric databases has confirmed that 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are multifunctional agents for local wound therapy: they combine antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and are capable of stimulating cell proliferation and angiogenesis; polymer systems based on them demonstrate biocompatibility and relevant physicochemical parameters for the healing of burn wounds. The key role of substitutions at 3^rd and 5^th positions of the triazole ring in determining bioactivity has been established; the promise of targeting the inflammatory cascade has been demonstrated.