The aim of work: to systematize current literature data on the mechanisms of antioxidant action and prospects for structural improvement of thiazole-containing compounds, which will allow us to outline key directions of further research in this area.

Materials and methods. The information-analytical framework of this study was established through a systematic search of scientific publications in the international databases Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, PubMed / MEDLINE, and Google Scholar, covering the period 2011–2026, with particular emphasis on studies published within the last five years. Full-text original research articles reporting quantitative evaluation of antioxidant activity, as well as studies involving SAR/QSAR analysis, were included in the review. Data synthesis was performed using systematic, comparative, and content analysis approaches to identify structure – activity relationships and to define prospects for the structural optimization of thiazole-containing compounds in accordance with current standards for review articles.

Results. Antioxidants play an important role in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress, including cardiovascular, neurodegenerative and oncological pathologies. Despite a wide range of natural and synthetic antioxidants, their therapeutic efficacy is limited due to low bioavailability, instability in biological media and possible toxicity. Thiazole-containing heterocyclic compounds have shown significant potential as antioxidants due to their ability to scavenge free radicals, chelate metals and stabilize reactive oxygen species. This review summarizes current data on the synthesis, mechanisms of action, methods for assessing antioxidant activity and prospects for structural improvement of thiazole-containing heterocycles. A critical analysis of existing approaches is proposed and key directions for further research using multidisciplinary strategies are identified.

Conclusions. Thiazole-containing heterocycles form a wide range of structural systems that differ in electronic structure and mechanisms of antioxidant action. In addition, increased antioxidant activity is achieved through the introduction of electron-donating substituents, phenolic fragments and combination with other heterocyclic systems, which allows the creation of multifunctional molecules with potentially high therapeutic value.