The aim of the work was to investigate the clinical course of adolescent arterial hypertension detected at the age of 17 based on a 15-year follow-up in order to clarify the frequency and conditions under which adult hypertension develops.

Materials and methods. The observation began at 2009. First-year medical students were involved who were diagnosed with stable or labile arterial hypertension or state of high normal blood pressure at the age of 17. Over 15 years the follow-up data were collected from 37 doctors of various specialties who reached this moment the age of 32–33.

Results. In the long-term follow-up (15 years later), blood pressure levels were assessed in men and women participating in the study, their complaints were analyzed, and the need for treatment tailored to the characteristics of arterial hypertension that had originated in adolescence was emphasized. Hypertensive disease developed in 38.7 % of respondents in the follow-up study. Males with stable and labile adolescent arterial hypertension in the past predominated.

Conclusions. The highest risk of chronic hypertension is in young men with stable (54.5 %) and labile (41.7 %) juvenile hypertension. This occurs at the age of 30–40 in the form of hypertension. The risk of developing hypertension in adulthood for male adolescents with “high blood pressure” is 21.4 %. The implementation of physical rehabilitation programs is an effective factor in forming adherence to a healthy lifestyle and controlling blood pressure. There is a need to further improve clinical and diagnostic approaches to juvenile hypertension with the development of a single concept of diagnosis in adolescence and young adulthood.