According to the World Health Organization, the number of patients with diabetes is constantly increasing, making this issue relevant not only for medical science, but also for the healthcare system as a whole. The mechanisms of functioning and differentiation of beta cells of the pancreas have attracted significant scientific attention. Laboratory identification of the genetic mechanisms regulating these processes is crucial for understanding the molecular basis of the development of type 2 diabetes and for finding new approaches to its prevention and treatment.

The aim of the work is to identify and analyze a panel of genes, involved in the differentiation and functioning of beta cells under the conditions of the development of experimental type 2 diabetes.

Materials and methods. Analysis of the gene expression, involved in the differentiation and functioning of beta cells was performed using the real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction method CFX-96 Touch™ (Bio-Rad, USA) using the RT2Profiler™ PCR Array Rat Diabetes kit (QIAGEN, Germany).

Results. According to the results of the PCR study, the activity of the studied genes, involved in the differentiation and functioning of beta cells can be divided as follows: Vapa – a gene with high expression, compared to the control group of animals, Glp1r, Hnf1b, Hnf4a, Inppl 1, Ins 1, Mapk 8, Neurod 1, Stxbp 1, Stxbp 4, Vamp 2, Vamp 3 – genes with low expression, compared to the control group of animals, Nfkb 1, Nsf, Rab4a, Stx 4, Stxbp 2 – genes, in which no changes were detected in the samples in relation to the control group of animals, Pdx 1, Pparg, Ptpn 1, Sod 2 – genes, whose expression was not detected.

Conclusions. The development of type 2 dexamethasone diabetes significantly (where ∆∆Ct <30) increases the expression of the Vapa gene by 2.81 times, compared to the control group of animals. During the development of type 2 dexamethasone diabetes, significantly (where ∆∆Ct <30) genes Glp1r showed a low expression by 5.71 times, Hnf1b by 7.45 times, Hnf4a by 16.06 times, Inppl 1 by 22.81 times, Ins 1 by 9.53 times, Mapk 8 by 2.07 times, Neurod 1 and Stxbp 4 by 3 times, Stxbp 1 by 28.46 times, Vamp 2 and Vamp 3 by 12 times in relation to the control group of animals. The expression of Pdx 1, Pparg, Ptpn 1, Sod 2 genes during the development of type 2 dexamethasone diabetes was not detected.