Study of anticonvulsant properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and prospects for their use in pharmacy
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2025.2.320738Keywords:
1,2,4-triazole, synthesis, physicochemical properties, structure-activity relationship, anticonvulsant effect, in silico, in vivo studies, activity predictionAbstract
Anticonvulsant drugs (antiepileptic drugs) are a group of medications used to treat epilepsy and to control other disorders associated with seizures or convulsive episodes. The choice of a particular drug depends on the type of seizure, the patient’s age, comorbidities, and possible side effects. Treatment with these drugs requires constant medical monitoring to achieve optimal impact and to minimize risks. Therefore, solving the problem of creating new original medicines with minimal adverse effects remains an urgent task, with theoretical and practical justification.
The aim of the work was to analyze and summarize the world achievements in recent years in the study of anticonvulsant properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives and to prove the need and feasibility of further research in the chosen direction of scientific research.
Materials and methods. A comprehensive literature search was conducted using a range of scientometric databases indexing peer-reviewed sources in the fields of biomedicine, chemistry, and pharmacology, including PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and Scopus. To achieve this goal, theoretical methods were used: information search, review, comparison, generalization. Additionally, combined search queries using logical operators such as AND, OR, NOT were used to narrow or expand the search results. For example, the query “1,2,4-triazole AND anticonvulsant activity” found publications discussing the anticonvulsant properties of these compounds.
Results. The studies described in this work indicate the significant potential of S-derivatives of 5-(furan-2-yl)-4R1-1,2,4-triazol-3-thiones as anticonvulsants, considering the preliminary results of theoretical computer prediction, as well as the establishment of regularities between the structure of the synthesized compounds and their anticonvulsant effect. Experimental studies have shown that the two compounds exhibit anticonvulsant activity and are similar to Mydocalm in terms of the strength of their pharmacological effect. It was found that the anticonvulsant activity of 2-[5-(furan-2-yl)-4-phenyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ylthio]-1-(4-chlorophenylethanone) exceeds the effectiveness of comparison drugs, such as Mydocalm and phenobarbital, by 1.23 and 1.27 times, respectively, when using the corazole model of seizures in rats. The team of authors managed to synthesize several new 7-substituted-5-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines through the inclusion of a triazole fragment in the pyrimidine ring, which is expected to have a synergistic effect in the treatment patients with epilepsy.
Conclusions. 1,2,4-triazole derivatives are of considerable interest for the development of new drugs with anticonvulsant activity, which can act through several molecular mechanisms. Thus, the analysis of scientific sources can suggest strategies for expanding.
References
Wu C, Liu Y, Yang Y, Zhang P, Zhong W, Wang Y, et al. Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods. Acta Pharm Sin B. 2020;10(5):766-88. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2020.02.008
Yaduwanshi PS, Singh S, Sahapuriya P, Dubey P, Thakur J, Yadav S. Synthesis of some Noval qunazolinone derivatives for their anticonvulsant activity. Orient J Chem. 2024;40(2):369-73. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/400207
Farghaly TA, Masaret GS, Riyadh SM, Harras MF. A Literature Review Focusing on the Antiviral Activity of [1,2,4] and [1,2,3]-triazoles. Mini Rev Med Chem. 2024;24(17):1602-29. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/0113895575277122231108095511
Parchenko VV. [Synthesis, physico-chemical and biological properties of derivatives of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione containing the core of furan] [dissertation on the Internet]. Zaporozhye: Zaporozhye State Medical University; 2006 [cited 2025 Jan 6]. Available from: https://nrat.ukrintei.ua/en/searchdoc/0406U004985//
Prytula RL. [Study of the biological activity of 2-(((3-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-mercapto-4n-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol in silico methods]. Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal. 2024;(5):43-52. Ukrainian. doi: https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.5.24.03
Prytula RL. [Definition of toxicity of 2-(((3-(2-fluorophenyl)-5-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)imino)methyl)phenol]. Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal. 2024;(3):79-88. Ukrainian. doi: https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.3.24.07
Bushueva IV, Ohloblina MV, Shmatenko OP, Martynyshyn VP, Hunchak VM, Parchenko VV. [Optimization of methods of preparation of 4-((5-decylthio)-4-methyl-4h-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)methyl)morpholine]. Ukrainian Journal of Military Medicine. 2023;4(4):95-100. Ukrainian. doi: https://doi.org/10.46847/ujmm.2023.4(4)-095
Parchenko VV. [Anticonvulsant activity of 5-(furan-2-yl)-4R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione S-derivatives]. Farmatsevtychnyi zhurnal. 2018;(6):56-60. Ukrainian. doi: https://doi.org/10.32352/0367-3057.6.15.02
Plech T, Kaproń B, Luszczki JJ, Paneth A, Siwek A, Kołaczkowski M, et al. Studies on the anticonvulsant activity of 4-alkyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiones and their effect on GABAergic system. Eur J Med Chem. 2014;86:690-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmech.2014.09.034
Plech T, Kaproń B, Luszczki JJ, Wujec M, Paneth A, Siwek Aet al. Studies on the anticonvulsant activity and influence on GABA-ergic neurotransmission of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione- based compounds. Molecules. 2014;19(8):11279-99. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules190811279
Jain RP, Kashaw SK, Jain V, Kohli DV. Design, synthesis, in silico studies, and pharmacological evaluation of 5-aryl-4-(chloroacetylamino)-3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as anticonvulsant agents. International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics. 2024;16(6):190-200. doi: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijap.2024v16i6.52379
Flieger J, Orzeł A, Kowalska-Kępczyńska A, Pizon M, Trębacz H, Majerek D, Plech T, et al. Teicoplanin-Modified HPLC Column as a Source of Experimental Parameters for Prediction of the Anticonvulsant Activity of 1,2,4-Triazole-3-Thiones by the Regression Models. Materials. 2020;13(11):2650. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13112650
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Epilepsies: diagnosis and management (Guidance 137). NICE. 2012 [cited 2025 Jan 5]; Available from: https://www.nice.org.uk/guidance/CG137
Kaproń B, Czarnomysy R, Wysokiński M, Andrys R, Musilek K, Angeli A, et al. 1,2,4-Triazole-based anticonvulsant agents with additional ROS scavenging activity are effective in a model of pharmacoresistant epilepsy. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem. 2020;35(1):993-1002. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14756366.2020.1748026
Wang Y, Liu D. An Important Potential Anti-Epileptic/Anticonvulsant Active Group: A Review of 1,2,4-Triazole Groups and Their Action. Drug Res (Stuttg). 2022 Mar;72(3):131-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1670-6992
Deng XQ, Song MX, Gong GH, Wang SB, Quan ZS. Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Evaluation of some New 6-(Substituted-phenyl)thiazolo[3,2-b][1,2,4]triazole Derivatives in Mice. Iran J Pharm Res. 2014 Spring; 13(2):459-69
Paruch K, Kaproń B, Łuszczki JJ, Paneth A, Plech T. Effect of Linker Elongation on the VGSC Affinity and Anticonvulsant Activity among 4-Alkyl-5-aryl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione Derivatives. Molecules. 2023;28:5287. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28135287
Łuszczki JJ, Marzeda P, Gut-Lepiech A, Kondrat-Wróbel MW, Wróblewska-Łuczka P, Karwan S, Plech T. New derivative of 1,2,4-triazole-3-thione (TP427) potentiates the anticonvulsant action of valproate, but not that of carbamazepine, phenytoin or phenobarbital in the mouse tonic-clonic seizure model. Pharmacol Rep. 2019;71(2):299-305. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2019.01.003
Kahveci B, Menteşe E, Akkaya E, Yılmaz F, Doğan IS, Ozel A. Synthesis of some novel 1,2,4-triazol-3-one derivatives bearing the salicyl moiety and their anticonvulsant activities. Arch Pharm (Weinheim). 2014;347(6):449-55. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/ardp.201300427
Kamboj VK, Verma PK, Dhanda A, Ranjan S. 1,2,4-triazole derivatives as potential scaffold for anticonvulsant activity. Cent Nerv Syst Agents Med Chem. 2015;15(1):17-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.2174/1871524915666150209100533
Jiang N, Deng XQ, Li FN, Quan ZS. Synthesis of Novel 7-Substituted-5-phenyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a] Pyrimidines with Anticonvulsant Activity. Iran J Pharm Res. 2012;11(3):799-806.
Karpun YO, Karpenko YV, Parchenko VV, Panasenko OI. [In silico study of new bis-3R, 4R′-5-(((1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-yl)thio)methyl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole-3-thione derivatives]. Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice. 2019;12(3):270-5. Ukrainian. doi: https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2019.3.184186
Chen J, Sun X-Y, Chai K-Y, Lee J-S, Song M-S, Quan Z-S. Synthesis and anticonvulsant evaluation of 4-(4-alkoxylphenyl)-3-ethyl-4H-1,2,4-triazoles as open-chain analogues of 7-alkoxyl-4,5-dihydro[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a]quinolines. Bioorg Med Chem. 2007;15(21):6775-81. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2007.08.004
Bhat MA, Al-Omar MA. Coumarin incorporated triazoles: a new class of anticonvulsants. Acta Pol Pharm. 2011;68(6):889-95. Available from: https://typeset.io/pdf/coumarin-incorporated-triazoles-a-new-class-of-dy0n5482yz.pdf
Downloads
Additional Files
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 N. M. Borysenko, V. V. Parchenko, I. V. Bushuieva, O. K. Yerenko

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.