Comparison of phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of lipophilic and ethanolic green tea leaf extracts

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2024.2.300967

Keywords:

green tea, lipophilic extract, caffeine, organic acids, pharmacologic action

Abstract

Infection diseases are a worldwide important problem for medicine and pharmacy. Today, there is a high interest in the evolution of new antimicrobial drugs due to the increasing percentage of resistant bacteria and fungi strains. Green tea leaf contains a variety of natural compounds that are possible to apply in the creation of new antimicrobial drugs.

The aim of the work was to compare phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, antifungal activities of lipophilic and ethanolic green tea leaf extracts.

Materials and methods. The object of the research was the lipophilic extract obtained using chloroform, along with two ethanolic extracts of green tea leaves. One of the ethanolic extracts had been previously processed with chloroform, while the other had not. Antioxidant activity was determined by the potentiometric method, while antimicrobial and antifungal activities were assessed by the “wells” method.

Results. The lipophilic extract of green tea leaves contains predominantly caffeine and organic acids, with the lowest amount of phenolic compounds. In contrast, the ethanolic extracts show the opposite pattern, with phenolic compounds predominating and caffeine present in lower quantities. The lipophilic extract exhibits greater inhibition of the growth of S. aureus, E. coli, P. vulgaris, B. subtilis, and C. albicans compared to the 96 % ethanolic extract processed with chloroform, with inhibition rates of 19 %, 18 %, 12 %, 12 %, 16 %, and 20 % respectively. When comparing antimicrobial activity to the 96 % ethanolic extract without chloroform treatment, the results remained consistent. The antioxidant activity of the lipophilic extract was 58.7 and 60.0 times lower than that of the 96 % ethanolic extract processed with chloroform and the 96 % ethanolic extract without treatment, respectively.

Conclusions. The study revealed that the lipophilic extract exhibited greater inhibition of the growth of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as well as fungi compared to the ethanolic extracts. However, it showed a lower level of antioxidant activity. It is hypothesized that caffeine, organic acids, and catechins may interact synergistically to enhance the antimicrobial and antifungal activity of green tea leaf extracts. The lipophilic extract shows promise for further development in the production of antimicrobial and antifungal drugs.

Author Biographies

O. Yu. Maslov, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine

PhD, Assistant of the Department of General Chemistry

M. A. Komisarenko, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine

PhD, Assistant of the Department of Pharmacognosy and Nutriciology

S. V. Ponomarenko, Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kharkiv

PhD, Leader researcher of Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

S. V. Kolisnyk, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine

PhD, DSc, Professor, Head of the Department of General Chemistry

 

T. P. Osolodchenko, Mechnikov Institute of Microbiology and Immunology of the NAMS of Ukraine, Kharkiv

PhD, Head of Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biotechnology

 

M. Yu. Golik, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine

PhD, DSc, Professor of the Department of General Chemistry

References

Deusenbery C, Wang Y, Shukla A. Recent Innovations in Bacterial Infection Detection and Treatment. ACS Infect Dis. 2021;7(4):695-720. doi: https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00890

Soni J, Sinha S, Pandey R. Understanding bacterial pathogenicity: a closer look at the journey of harmful microbes. Front Microbiol. 2024;15:1370818. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1370818

Salam MA, Al-Amin MY, Salam MT, Pawar JS, Akhter N, Rabaan AA, et al. Antimicrobial Resistance: A Growing Serious Threat for Global Public Health. Healthcare. 2023;11(13):1946. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11131946

GBD 2019 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators. Global mortality associated with 33 bacterial pathogens in 2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2022;400(10369):2221-48. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(22)02185-7

Bongomin F, Gago S, Oladele R, Denning D. Global and Multi-National Prevalence of Fungal Diseases-Estimate Precision. J Fungi. 2017;3(4):57. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jof3040057

Jiang H, Engelhardt UH, Thräne C, Maiwald B, Stark J. Determination of flavonol glycosides in green tea, oolong tea and black tea by UHPLC compared to HPLC. Food Chem. 2015;183:30-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.03.024

Ahmad RS, Butt MS, Huma N, Sultan MT, Arshad MU, Mushtaq Z, et al. Quantitative and Qualitative Portrait of Green Tea Catechins (Gtc) Through Hplc. Int J Food Prop. 2014;17(7):1626-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10942912.2012.723232

Zhao T, Li C, Wang S, Song X. Green Tea (Camellia sinensis): A Review of Its Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology. Molecules. 2022;27(12):3909. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27123909

Siddiqui MW, Sharangi AB, Singh JP, Thakur PK, Ayala-Zavala JF, Singh A, Dhua RS. Antimicrobial Properties of Teas and Their Extracts in vitro. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;56(9):1428-39. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.769932

Namal Senanayake SP. Green tea extract: Chemistry, antioxidant properties and food applications – A review. J Funct Foods. 2013;5(4):1529-41. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2013.08.011

Johnson R, Bryant S, Huntley AL. Green tea and green tea catechin extracts: An overview of the clinical evidence. Maturitas. 2012;73(4):280-7. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2012.08.008

Sharma A, Gupta S, Sarethy IP, Dang S, Gabrani R. Green tea extract: Possible mechanism and antibacterial activity on skin pathogens. Food Chem. 2012;135(2):672-5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.04.143

Singh BN, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Green tea catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG): Mechanisms, perspectives and clinical applications. Biochem Pharmacol. 2011;82(12):1807-21. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bcp.2011.07.093

Maslov O, Komisarenko M, Kolisnyk S, Derymedvid L. Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant Activities and Molecular Docking Analysis of Rubus idaeus Leaf Extract. Jordan J Pharm Sci. 2024;17(1):105-22. doi: https://doi.org/10.35516/jjps.v17i1.1808

Maslov OY, Komisarenko MA, Golik MY, Kolisnyk SV, Altukhov AA, Baiurka SV, et al. Study of total antioxidant capacity of red raspberry (Rubus idaeous L.) shoots. Vitae. 2023;30(1):1-9. doi: https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.vitae.v30n1a351486

Maslov OY, Kolisnyk SV, Hrechana OV, Serbin AH. [Study of the qualitative composition and quantitative content of some groups of BAS in dietary supplements with green tea leaf extract]. Zaporozhye medical journal. 2021;23(1):132-7. Ukrainian. doi: https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1210.2021.1.224932

Maslov OY, Komisarenko MA, Kolisnyk SV, Antonenko OV, Kolisnyk OV, Kostina TA. The study of the qualitative composition and the quantitative content of phenolic compounds in dietary supplements with lingonberry. Journal of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry. 2021;19(4):40-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.24959/ophcj.21.243782

Maslov O, Komisarenko M, Kolisnyk S, Kostina T, Golik M, Moroz V, et al. Investigation of the extraction dynamic of the biologically active substances of the raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) shoots. Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci. 2023;36(4):194-8. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/cipms-2023-0034

Maslov O, Koliesnik S, Komisarenko M, Altukhov A, Dynnyk K, Kostina T. Development and Validation of a Titrimetric Method for Quantitative Determination of Free Organic Acids in Green Tea Leaves. Pharmakeftiki. 2021;33(4):304-11. doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7813135

Maslov OY. [Phytochemical study and standardization medicines with antioxidant activity from green tea leaves] [dissertation on the Internet]. Kharkiv, Ukraine: National University of Pharmacy; 2023 [cited 2024 Apr 14]. Ukrainian. Available from: https://nrat.ukrintei.ua/en/searchdoc/0823U100107/

Maslov OY, Komisarenko MA, Kolisnyk SV, Golik MY, Doroshenko SR, Tkachenko OV, et al. The study of some quality parameters and the antioxidant activity of dietary supplements with the pomegranate extract (Punica granatum L.). News of Pharmacy. 2023;106(2):5-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.24959/nphj.23.119

Volianskyi YL, Hrytsenko IS, Shyrobokov VP, et al. Vyvchennia spetsyfichnoi aktyvnosti protymikrobnykh likarskykh zasobiv [Study of the specific activity of antimicrobial drugs]. Kyiv; 2004. 38 p. Ukrainian.

Volianskyi YL, Myronenko LH, Kalinichenko SV, Skliar NI, Kolokolova OB, Tkach LV et al. [Standardization of the preparation of microbialsuspensions]. Newsletter of innovations in health care No 163-2006. Kyiv: Ukrmedpatentinform; 2006. 10 p. Ukrainian.

Maslov OY, Komisarenko MA, Ponomarenko SV, Kolisnyk SV, Osolodchenko TP, Kostina TA, et al. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antifungal activity of the obtained "Cachisept" tablets for resorption in the oral cavity for the treatment and prevention of dental caries. Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice. 2023;16(3):213-6. doi: https://doi.org/10.14739/2409-2932.2023.3.285425

Downloads

Published

2024-06-14

How to Cite

1.
Maslov OY, Komisarenko MA, Ponomarenko SV, Kolisnyk SV, Osolodchenko TP, Golik MY. Comparison of phytochemical composition, antimicrobial, antifungal, and antioxidant activities of lipophilic and ethanolic green tea leaf extracts. Current issues in pharmacy and medicine: science and practice [Internet]. 2024Jun.14 [cited 2024Oct.12];17(2):108-14. Available from: http://pharmed.zsmu.edu.ua/article/view/300967